US1680873A - Method of storing and transporting gases - Google Patents

Method of storing and transporting gases Download PDF

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Publication number
US1680873A
US1680873A US110021A US11002126A US1680873A US 1680873 A US1680873 A US 1680873A US 110021 A US110021 A US 110021A US 11002126 A US11002126 A US 11002126A US 1680873 A US1680873 A US 1680873A
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United States
Prior art keywords
liquid
transport
temperature
gases
storing
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US110021A
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English (en)
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Lucas-Girardville Paul Nicolas
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/10—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by liquid-circulating or vapour-circulating jackets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0362—Thermal insulations by liquid means
    • F17C2203/0366—Cryogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0604—Liners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0626—Multiple walls
    • F17C2203/0629—Two walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F17C2205/0332—Safety valves or pressure relief valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/011—Oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/014—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0176—Solids and gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/04—Reducing risks and environmental impact
    • F17C2260/042—Reducing risk of explosion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0186—Applications for fluid transport or storage in the air or in space
    • F17C2270/0189—Planes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method of storing and transporting gases in the liquefied or solid state.
  • Liquefaction of gases is obtained, as is known, either by com ression, or by cold, or by a combination 0 these two means.
  • the invention relates to casingscapable of fulfilling these conditions.
  • the ordinary heat insulators being as is well known insufiicient to solve the problem in question, recourse is had to devices based on the principle of the Dewar double-walked flask, which as already been employed, after the first applications to liquid air, oxygen and nitrogen.
  • the transport of large uan- .tities of liquefied gas would lead, i. the .usual constructions were employed, to Dewar flasks of prohibitive dimensions, the difficulties and the costs. of construction of which would constitute an insurmountable barrier.
  • containers are used of suitable material, sheet iron for exam 1e, which are covered by a platin of m tiple contiguous members, each of w ich has the characteristics of the Dewar flask (very high outer vacuum, highly olished surfaces, either silver orcopper p ated so as to possess a ver high reflecting power).
  • Athermanous walls are also of a kind to afford particularly inter-' esting advanta es in special cases where two ases having lfferent properties and boiling temperatures are to be transported.
  • the container for transport must naturally be made in a special wa
  • it may be made in the 0 lowing way as shown diagrammatically in the accompanying drawing.
  • An inner casing 1, not athermanous, contains one of the gases to be transported for example methane, either liquefied or SOhd.
  • a second athermanous casing 2 surrounds the former at a certain distance in such way that there is circulating space 3 between the two walls.
  • the bottom of the casing 2 is rovided preferably with a cavity 4 which holds a reserve of liquid nitrogen.
  • an opening 5 for the escape o the nitrogen vapour is an opening for the escape o the nitrogen vapour.
  • These double-Walled containers may moreover be em loyed by means of an accessory device for t e transport of ases which have not been brought into the liquefied state.
  • sohd bodies wood charcoal amongst others, have the pro erty of absorbin a lar e volume of gas. heir ability to absorb epends both on the storage pressure and on the temperature of the charcoal at the moment of absorption. The temperature in particular has a very great influence on the proportion of gas absorbed; thus at the temperature of liquid air one volume of charcoal absorbs 135 volumes of hydro en at atmospheric pressure.
  • this a plication of doublewalled containers wit an outer athermanous casing and circulation of liquefied gases between the two walls comprises the same improvements with the same advantages as the transport of gases liquefied or solidfied by cold.
  • the principle'of the double wall with circulation of nitrogen allows either of transporting a very great volume of hydrogen under a pressure of a few kilogrammes, or even of transporting a volume of it comparable with that which is contained in the usual cylinders, but working at a pressure slightly below that of the atmosphere, and therefore without risk of leakage or of fire.
  • the arran ements described can also be used for or mary cold trans ort.
  • the athermanous casing elays heating during a very long time, the difierence between the outside temperature and that of the frozen provisions being much less great than in the case of liquid air and the passage o tfJ calories being consequently less considera le.
  • the plant can be completed by the arrangements described, to allow of keeping a cold storage wagon thus constructed for several days within the limits of temperature rendered necessary by the nature of the goods transported.
  • Claim The method of storing a substance whose boiling point is below 0 Cr, in a condensed state such as a liquid or solid which com- .pri'ses enclosing said substance in a heat conducting vessel which is in heat conductmg contact with a liquid exposed to atmosinsulated vessel, said liquid having a lower boiling point than the said substance whereby the slow and gradual evaporation of the liquid acts to maintain the said substance in its condensed state.
  • PAUL NICOLAS LUCAS-GRANVILLE PAUL NICOLAS LUCAS-GRANVILLE.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
US110021A 1925-05-20 1926-05-18 Method of storing and transporting gases Expired - Lifetime US1680873A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR483334X 1925-05-20

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US1680873A true US1680873A (en) 1928-08-14

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US110021A Expired - Lifetime US1680873A (en) 1925-05-20 1926-05-18 Method of storing and transporting gases

Country Status (5)

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US (1) US1680873A (en])
BE (1) BE334087A (en])
DE (1) DE483334C (en])
FR (1) FR611098A (en])
GB (1) GB252385A (en])

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2508989A (en) * 1946-12-31 1950-05-23 Atomic Energy Commission Apparatus for purifying gases
US2784560A (en) * 1954-02-11 1957-03-12 American Messer Corp Process and apparatus for storing and shipping liquefied gases
US2863297A (en) * 1955-03-29 1958-12-09 Herrick L Johnston Inc Method and apparatus for storing liquified gases
US2897657A (en) * 1955-12-13 1959-08-04 Exxon Research Engineering Co Storage and transportation of liquefied gas
US2907177A (en) * 1955-10-04 1959-10-06 Air Prod Inc Container and method of dispensing liquefied gases therefrom
US2927438A (en) * 1957-08-08 1960-03-08 Allied Chem Handling of fluorine
US2933902A (en) * 1955-12-12 1960-04-26 Exxon Research Engineering Co Transportation of liquefied gases
US2959023A (en) * 1957-07-09 1960-11-08 British Oxygen Co Ltd Storage of liquefied gases
US2968161A (en) * 1956-08-16 1961-01-17 Union Carbide Corp Bulk helium transportation
US2973085A (en) * 1954-10-18 1961-02-28 Knapsack Ag Process for the safe storing of liquid acetylene solutions
US3011321A (en) * 1957-12-02 1961-12-05 Texaco Inc Apparatus for the maintenance of liquefied petroleum products
US3030780A (en) * 1958-05-12 1962-04-24 Union Carbide Corp Refrigerated container for liquefied gases
US3034309A (en) * 1955-01-19 1962-05-15 Otto H Muck Method for transporting gas
US3122891A (en) * 1958-12-11 1964-03-03 Air Prod & Chem Cryogenic methods and apparatus
US3137127A (en) * 1961-03-28 1964-06-16 Res Inst Of Temple University Method of developing high energy thrust
US3147593A (en) * 1962-01-08 1964-09-08 Garrett Corp Fuel store
US3369370A (en) * 1965-12-03 1968-02-20 Hughes Aircraft Co Method of detector cooling and device therefor
US3378351A (en) * 1961-10-24 1968-04-16 Army Usa Method of storing oxygen
US3772895A (en) * 1971-10-26 1973-11-20 J Abendroth Refrigeration to avoid contamination by a hydrocarbon
US3864927A (en) * 1972-12-14 1975-02-11 Chou H Li Method and apparatus for storage, transport, and use of cryogenic gases in solid form
US5507146A (en) * 1994-10-12 1996-04-16 Consolidated Natural Gas Service Company, Inc. Method and apparatus for condensing fugitive methane vapors
US5615557A (en) * 1993-09-22 1997-04-01 Institut Fuer Luft-Und Kaeltetechnik Gemeinnuetzige Gesellschaft Mbh Apparatus for self-sufficiently cooling high temperature superconducting components
FR3059758A1 (fr) * 2016-12-05 2018-06-08 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Reservoir de transport de fluide cryogenique

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2508989A (en) * 1946-12-31 1950-05-23 Atomic Energy Commission Apparatus for purifying gases
US2784560A (en) * 1954-02-11 1957-03-12 American Messer Corp Process and apparatus for storing and shipping liquefied gases
US2973085A (en) * 1954-10-18 1961-02-28 Knapsack Ag Process for the safe storing of liquid acetylene solutions
US3034309A (en) * 1955-01-19 1962-05-15 Otto H Muck Method for transporting gas
US2863297A (en) * 1955-03-29 1958-12-09 Herrick L Johnston Inc Method and apparatus for storing liquified gases
US2907177A (en) * 1955-10-04 1959-10-06 Air Prod Inc Container and method of dispensing liquefied gases therefrom
US2933902A (en) * 1955-12-12 1960-04-26 Exxon Research Engineering Co Transportation of liquefied gases
US2897657A (en) * 1955-12-13 1959-08-04 Exxon Research Engineering Co Storage and transportation of liquefied gas
US2968161A (en) * 1956-08-16 1961-01-17 Union Carbide Corp Bulk helium transportation
US2959023A (en) * 1957-07-09 1960-11-08 British Oxygen Co Ltd Storage of liquefied gases
US2927438A (en) * 1957-08-08 1960-03-08 Allied Chem Handling of fluorine
US3011321A (en) * 1957-12-02 1961-12-05 Texaco Inc Apparatus for the maintenance of liquefied petroleum products
US3030780A (en) * 1958-05-12 1962-04-24 Union Carbide Corp Refrigerated container for liquefied gases
US3122891A (en) * 1958-12-11 1964-03-03 Air Prod & Chem Cryogenic methods and apparatus
US3137127A (en) * 1961-03-28 1964-06-16 Res Inst Of Temple University Method of developing high energy thrust
US3378351A (en) * 1961-10-24 1968-04-16 Army Usa Method of storing oxygen
US3147593A (en) * 1962-01-08 1964-09-08 Garrett Corp Fuel store
US3369370A (en) * 1965-12-03 1968-02-20 Hughes Aircraft Co Method of detector cooling and device therefor
US3772895A (en) * 1971-10-26 1973-11-20 J Abendroth Refrigeration to avoid contamination by a hydrocarbon
US3864927A (en) * 1972-12-14 1975-02-11 Chou H Li Method and apparatus for storage, transport, and use of cryogenic gases in solid form
US5615557A (en) * 1993-09-22 1997-04-01 Institut Fuer Luft-Und Kaeltetechnik Gemeinnuetzige Gesellschaft Mbh Apparatus for self-sufficiently cooling high temperature superconducting components
US5507146A (en) * 1994-10-12 1996-04-16 Consolidated Natural Gas Service Company, Inc. Method and apparatus for condensing fugitive methane vapors
FR3059758A1 (fr) * 2016-12-05 2018-06-08 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Reservoir de transport de fluide cryogenique

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE483334C (de) 1929-09-28
FR611098A (fr) 1926-09-20
BE334087A (en])
GB252385A (en) 1927-02-10

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